Slide 3: Help them make sense of what they see
IMAGE SOURCE: https://nationalpost.com/life/food/why-are-we-programmed-to-think-meat-is-for-men
Slide 5: Potential impacts of exposure
Flood, M. (2009). Youth, Sex, and the Internet. Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health, 5(1), The Use of Technology in Mental Health Special Issue, 131–147. Available from URL: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103818/1/103818.pdf
Slide 7: Typical and problematic childhood sexual behaviors
Lucier-Greer, M., Nichols, L. R., Peterson, C., Burke, B., Quichocho, D., & O’Neal, C.W. (2018). Problematic sexual behavior among children and youth: Considerations for reporting, assessment, and treatment. Auburn, AL: Military REACH. Available from URL: https://militaryfamilieslearningnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Problematic-sexual-behavior-among-Children-and-Youth_Report.pdf
Slide 7 and 29: Typical and problematic childhood sexual behaviors
National Children’s Alliance (2017). What we can do: Understanding Children and Youth with Problematic Sexual Behaviors. Available from URL: http://www.nationalchildrensalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2017-PSB-Fact-Sheet-Overview-3.pdf
Slide 24: Talking can break silence and shame
Adapted from Smart, C. (2019). They’ll be Okay: 15 Conversations to Help Your Child Through Troubled Times. Hachette Australia. Available from URL: https://www.amazon.com/They%C2%92ll-Be-Okay-Conversations-Troubled-ebook/dp/B07GDJ5CNF
Slide 27: Factors contributing to problematic sexual behaviors
NCSBY – National Center on the Sexual Behavior of Youth. (online). (n.d.) What Causes a Sexual Behavior Problem? citing Friedrich, Davis, et al. 2003. Available from URL: http://www.ncsby.org/content/what-causes-sexual-behavior-problem
Slide 29: Problematic sexual behaviors
NCSBY (n.d.) Collaborative, Community Based, Evidence Based Services for Problematic Sexual Behavior in Children and Youth. Available from URL: http://www.ncsby.org/sites/default/files/resources/Evidence Based Services for Problematic Sexual behavior in Children and Youth – PSB Stakeholder Flyer — NCSBY.pdf
Slide 30: Developmentally appropriate behavior
National Children’s Alliance (2017). What We Can Do: Understanding Children and Youth with Problematic Sexual Behaviors. Available from URL: https://www.nationalchildrensalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2017-PSB-Fact-Sheet-Overview-3.pdf
Slide 31: Different types of sexual behavior problems
NCSBY (online). (n.d.) What is a Problematic Sexual Behavior? Available from URL: http://ncsby.org/content/what-problematic-sexual-behavior
Slide 33: Sexual behavior rules for school-age children
National Children’s Alliance (2) (2017). What Happens Now: Facing Sexual Behavior Problems With Your Child. Available from URL: http://www.nationalchildrensalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2017-PSB-Fact-Sheet-Caregivers-1.pdf
Slide 34: Traffic lights
Brook Sexual Behaviours Traffic Light Tool adapted with permission from True Relationships & Reproductive Health. (2012). Traffic Lights guide to sexual behaviours in children and young people: identify, understand and respond. Brisbane: True Relationships & Reproductive Health, Australia. Available from URL: https://legacy.brook.org.uk/brook_tools/traffic/index.html
Slide 3: Porn shapes ideas about what constitutes sex and sexual behaviors
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. (2016). Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research. The Journal of Sex Research. Taylor & Francis. DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. (2007). Adolescents’ Exposure to a Sexualized Media Environment and Their Notions of Women as Sex Objects. Sex Roles, 56(5), 381–395. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9176-y
van Oosten, J., Peter, J., & Vandenbosch, L. (2017). Adolescents’ Sexual Media Use and Willingness to Engage in Casual Sex: Differential Relations and Underlying Processes. Human Communication Research, 43(1), 127–147. DOI: 10.1111/hcre.12098
Stanley, N., Barter, C., Wood, M., Aghtaie, N., Larkins, C., Lanau, A., & Överlien, C. (2018). Pornography, Sexual Coercion and Abuse and Sexting in Young People’s Intimate Relationships: A European Study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(19), 2919–2944. DOI: 10.1177/0886260516633204
Ybarra, M., Mitchell, K., Hamburger, M., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. (2011). X-rated material and perpetration of sexually aggressive behavior among children and adolescents: is there a link? Aggressive Behavior, 37(1), 1–18. DOI: 10.1002/ab.20367
Slide 5: Three main factors influence a young person’s response to porn
Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Noar, S., Nesi, J., & Garrett, K. (2016). Parent-Adolescent Sexual Communication and Adolescent Safer Sex Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 52–61. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2731
Flood, M. (2009). The Harms of Pornography Exposure Among Children and Young People. Child Abuse Review; 18(6): 384–400. DOI: 10.1002/car.1092
Slide 7: Connected relationships
Zurcher, J. (2017). Exploring descriptive norms of parent-child communication about pornography among parents of middle-schoolers in the US. Journal of Children and Media, 11(4), 381–398. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2017.1312471
Slide 16 & 17: Red Flag Behaviors
Traffic Lights ® (2015). Sexual Behaviours in Children & Young People: a guide to IDENTIFY, UNDERSTAND and RESPOND to sexual behaviours. True Relationships & Reproductive Health. Available from URL: https://www.true.org.au/Resources/shop#!/Traffic-Lights-brochure/p/57318729
Slide 16: Red Flag Behaviors
Ey, L-A. & McInnes, E. (2017). Educators’ Observations of Children’s Display of Problematic Sexual Behaviors in Educational Settings, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2017.1349855
McKibbin, G., Humphreys, C. & Hamilton, B. (2017) “Talking about child sexual abuse would have helped me”: Young people who sexually abused reflect on preventing harmful sexual behavior. Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. 70: 210-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.017
Slide 18: Coercive and abusive
Madigan, S., Ly, A., Rash, C., Van Ouytsel, J., & Temple, J. (2018). Prevalence of Multiple Forms of Sexting Behavior Among Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(4), 327–335. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5314
Slide 19: Pressure, coercion and sexting
Choi, H., Van Ouytsel, J., & Temple, J. (2016). Association between sexting and sexual coercion among female adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 164–168. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.005
Slide 24: Red flags of grooming
National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. (n.d.). The Issues: Online Enticement. Available from URL: https://www.missingkids.org/theissues/onlineenticement
Slide 25: Traffic Lights Guide to Identify, Understand, and respond to sexual behaviors
Brook Sexual Behaviours Traffic Light Tool adapted with permission from True Relationships & Reproductive Health. (2012). Traffic Lights guide to sexual behaviours in children and young people: identify, understand and respond. Brisbane: True Relationships & Reproductive Health, Australia. Available from URL: https://legacy.brook.org.uk/brook_tools/traffic/index.html
Slide 26: Compulsive Porn Use
Doornwaard, S., Eijnden, R., Baams, L., Vanwesenbeeck, I., & Bogt, T. (2016). Lower Psychological Well-Being and Excessive Sexual Interest Predict Symptoms of Compulsive Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material Among Adolescent Boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 73–84. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0326-9
Slide 28: Within 3-5 exposures
Mulligan, C. (2017). How to Recover from Cyber Pornography Addiction – The Teen Cyber Pornography Workbook. Renewing Hope, Restoring Lives.
Slide 31: Pornography impacts cannot be underestimated
eChildhood 2020 Update: Statement of Research Relating to Pornography Harms to Children. Prepared by Walker, L. & Kunaharan, S. Available from URL: https://www.echildhood.org/statement
Slide 32: Young women also experience difficulties
Johnson, J., Ezzell, M., Bridges, A., & Sun, C. (2019). Pornography and Heterosexual Women’s Intimate Experiences with a Partner. Journal of Women’s Health, 28(9), 1254–1265. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7006
Slide 33: Low rates of young women feel addicted to pornography
Lim, M.S.C.; Agius, P.A.; Carrotte, E.R.; Vella, A.M.; Hellard, M.E.; (2017). Young Australians’ use of pornography and associations with sexual risk behaviours; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 41(4): 438-443. DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12678
Lothian-McLean, M. How do your porn habits compare with young people across Britain? (Online article: 15 March 2019, BBC). Available from URL: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/bb79a2ce-0de4-4965-98f0-9ebbcfcc2a60
Slide 34: Outcomes for women
Wright, P., Bridges, A., Sun, C., Ezzell, M., & Johnson, J. (2018). Personal Pornography Viewing and Sexual Satisfaction: A Quadratic Analysis. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(3), 308–315. DOI: 10.1080/0092623X.2017.1377131
Owens, E., Behun, R., Manning, J., & Reid, R. (2012). The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents: A Review of the Research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19(1-2), 99–122. DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2012.660431
Sun, C., Bridges, A., Johnson, J., & Ezzell, M. (2016). Pornography and the Male Sexual Script: An Analysis of Consumption and Sexual Relations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(4), 983–994. DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0391-2
Slide 35: Similarities & differences between young women & men
Giordano, A., & Cashwell, C. (2017). Cybersex Addiction Among College Students: A Prevalence Study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 24(1-2), 47–57. DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2017.1287612
Your Brain on Porn (n.d.) Porn Problems: Here Come the Women (2013). Available from URL: https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/ybop-articles-on-porn-addiction-porn-induced-problems/effects-of-porn-on-the-user/porn-problems-here-come-the-women-2013
Slide 3: STEP 1: Parenting styles in the technological age
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1967-05780-001
Slide 3 & 5: STEP 1: Parenting styles in the technological age
Boniel-Nissim, M., Efrati, Y., Dolev-Cohen, M. (2019). Parental Mediation Regarding Children’s Pornography Exposure: The Role of Parenting Style, Protection Motivation and Gender. The Journal of Sex Research, 00(00), 1–10, 2019. DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1590795
Slide 10: STEP 2: Assessment and External Support
ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (Version: 04 / 2019). 6C72 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. Impulse control disorders. International Classifications of Diseases. Available from URL: https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1630268048
Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD‐11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109-110. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20499
Slide 12: STEP 2: Assessment and External Support
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). The Development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS). Journal of sex research, 55(3), 395–406. DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1291798
Slide 15: STEP 2: Assessment and External Support
Attwood S. (2008). Making Sense of Sex: A Forthright Guide to Puberty, Sex and Relationships for People with Asperger’s Syndrome. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Available from URL: https://www.amazon.com.au/Making-Sense-Sex-Forthright-Relationships/dp/1843103745
Hannah, LA and Stagg, SD. (2016). Experiences of Sex Education and Sexual Awareness in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 46 (12), pp 3678-3687. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2906-2
Slide 21: Begin with connection (OR WIDE POWERPOINT VERSION PART B: Slide 3)
Seigel, D. (2020). The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. Guildford Press: London. Available from URL: https://www.amazon.com/Developing-Mind-Relationships-Brain-Interact/dp/1462542751
Beacon House Resources. (2019). Dr. Bruce Perry’s 3 R’s. Available from URL: https://beaconhouse.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/The-Three-Rs.pdf
Slide 31: A healthy support plan (OR WIDE POWERPOINT VERSION PART C: Slide 2)
Smart, C. They’ll Be Okay: 15 Conversations to Help Your Child Through Troubled Times. 8th January 2019. Hatchette. Available from URL: https://www.amazon.com/Theyll-Be-Okay-conversations-troubled-ebook/dp/B07PCQP7Y8
Slide 27: Various forms of therapeutic support
Fraumeni-McBride, J. (2019): Addiction and mindfulness; pornography addiction and mindfulness-based therapy (ACT), Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2019.1576560
Slide 28: Various forms of therapeutic support
American Addiction Centers: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques and Addiction Treatment. Last updated September 2, 2020. Available from URL: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/cognitive-behavioral-therapy
The Recovery Village: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Last updated September 28, 2020. Available from URL: https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/treatment-program/addiction-therapies/dialectical-behavioral
American Addiction Centers: Motivational Interviewing. Last updated June 10, 2019. Available from URL: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/motivational-interviewing
The Recovery Village: 6 Ways to Understand The Changes In Addiction and Treatment Recovery. Last updated March 11, 2020. Available from URL: https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/drug-addiction/related-topics/six-stages-recovery
Slide 30: Evaluating Treatment
National Center on the Sexual Behavior of Youth. (2019). A Guide for Parents/Caregivers Concerned about Children’s Sexual Behavior. NCSBY Newsletter Volume 1, Number 1. Available from URL: http://www.ncsby.org/sites/default/files/2019%20PPBNewsletterv2%20190521%20js_0.pdf
Slide 44: Positive Communication
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA’s Working Definition of Recovery (2012). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Available from URL: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/SAMHSA-s-Working-Definition-of-Recovery/PEP12-RECDEF
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (SAMHSA). Recovery and Recovery Support. (2020). Available from URL: https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/recovery